Photovoltaik in Deutschland
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| Der photoelektrische Effekt |
Was ist Photovoltaik?
Im Jahre 1839 hat der Physiker Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel den photoelektrische Effekt gesehen. Photovoltaik kann elektrische Energie von Sonnenlicht machen. Silizium, das Solarmodulen werden kann, hat Elektronen, die mit Photonen reagieren. Dann können sie einen elektrischen Strom machen.
When the photons of the light absorb in to materials such as silicon, they can excite the electrons out of the valence bond of the metal, and into the conductive band, where said electrons are free to move and, non-thermally, create a direct current. Therefore, this is a method of converting solar energy into something we can and know how to use, DC electricity.
Deutschland und Photovoltaik
Im Jahre 1991 hat das Stromeinspeisungsgesetz, das meistenteils an Windkraft und Sonnenenergie diskutiert, begonnen. Im Jahre 2000 wurde das Stromeinspeisungsgesetz das Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG). Dieses Gesetz inkludiert anderen kleineren Technik.
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| SMA's Chart of PV Performance in Germany on 04. June 2013 |
Photovoltaic technology and its implementation is currently
a major part of the green and renewable energy movement, especially in
Germany. Germany is the world’s top PV
installer with a capacity of 32.3 GW as of December 2012, and in also 2012, PV
provided almost 5% of the nation’s electricity consumption. Germany, being the world's top energy provider from PV technology, also set the world record for solar power production last May. The significant contribution from PV technology is largely in part to the country's emphasis on renewable energies and the laws they enact to encourage this progress.
While the technology is understood, the implementation can be costly, and at times, even ineffective. The German Renewable Energy Act (EEG) provides incentives, particularly feed-in tariffs, to invest in and use renewable fuel sources, and the initial boost in the market and usage of these sources can be attributed to its implementation in 2000. However, it could be argued that the strong continued implementation of PV technology in Germany is also mostly attributed to the continued subsidies, which doesn't support a stable market. Another common criticism, which is not unique to Germany, is when the weather is poor, the systems don't produce electricity.
While the technology is understood, the implementation can be costly, and at times, even ineffective. The German Renewable Energy Act (EEG) provides incentives, particularly feed-in tariffs, to invest in and use renewable fuel sources, and the initial boost in the market and usage of these sources can be attributed to its implementation in 2000. However, it could be argued that the strong continued implementation of PV technology in Germany is also mostly attributed to the continued subsidies, which doesn't support a stable market. Another common criticism, which is not unique to Germany, is when the weather is poor, the systems don't produce electricity.
Photovoltaik in Zukunft
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| Sonnenstand in Berlin-Adlershof |
While Germany has made great strides with encouraging and implementing photovoltaics and other renewable energy sources, there are still problems with integration, particularly with incorporating the individual PV providers into the existing grid system put in place by the major German power companies. As PV and other renewable energies grow, becoming more mainstream, not only will more incorporation into the grids be needed, but additionally, more storage capacity.
References
Auf Deutsch
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaik
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelektrischer_Effekt
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonnenenergie
http://www.sma.de/en/company/pv-electricity-produced-in-germany.html
Auf Englisch
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_solar_cells
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_in_Germany
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/29/germany-solar-idAFL6E7NT1WK20111229?sp=true
